Types of Joinery Finishes and Their Pros and Cons

Choosing the right joinery finish can be overwhelming, with options including oil, wax, varnish, paint, and more. 

Get it wrong, and you risk ruining the timber’s natural beauty or dealing with constant maintenance. And with over 70% of homeowners preferring finishes that “look good but last,” the pressure is on. 

In this guide, we break down the most common joinery finishes, their pros, their cons, and when to use each, so you can make a choice that’s smart, stylish, and built to last.

1. Wax Finishes

Wax finishes are made from natural waxes, such as beeswax or carnauba, and are typically applied over oil finishes. They create a soft, velvety feel and a low-sheen appearance, perfect for furniture and decorative joinery. 

Wax doesn't penetrate timber deeply, but it offers a pleasant, hand-rubbed look that appeals to lovers of classic craftsmanship.

Pros and Cons of Wax Finishes

Wax finishes offer timeless charm and subtle texture. Here’s a quick look at where they shine and where they fall short.

Pros

Want a warm, hand-finished look? Wax finishes offer a timeless, soft sheen that enhances the character of timber while adding a luxurious feel.

• Enhances colour and grain: Wax brings out the timber’s natural warmth and detailed grain patterns, adding depth and visual interest.
• Easy to apply by hand: A simple wipe-on, buff-off process makes it accessible for touch-ups and DIY projects.
• Smooth, natural feel: Leaves a velvety texture that feels warm and pleasant to the touch.
• Low-sheen aesthetic: Perfect for traditional, rustic, or heritage joinery where a subtle finish is desired.
• Ideal for antique joinery: Complements classic designs and period details, preserving an authentic look.
• Simple maintenance: Minor scratches or wear can be easily repaired with additional wax and buffing.

Cons

While beautiful, wax finishes require regular care and are best for low-traffic or decorative joinery.

• Low durability: Not suitable for surfaces exposed to heavy or frequent use.
• Prone to water and heat damage: Offers minimal protection against spills, steam, or hot objects.
• Requires regular upkeep: Needs reapplication and buffing to maintain appearance and protection over time.

2. Oil Finishes

Oil finishes are natural or synthetic liquids that soak deep into the wood fibres instead of sitting on top. They enhance the timber’s natural beauty by highlighting the grain and providing a soft, matte to satin look. 

Commonly used oils include linseed, Danish and tung oil. These are often chosen for heritage or rustic projects where warmth and character are a priority.

Pros

Love the look of natural timber? Oil finishes deliver warmth, depth, and effortless charm, allowing the grain to shine truly.

• Enhances the natural grain and colour: Oil finishes soak into the timber, drawing out its unique patterns and warm undertones.
• Easy to apply by hand with a cloth or brush: No need for specialist tools. DIY-friendly and ideal for small or custom pieces.
• Penetrates timber to nourish from within: Unlike surface coatings, oil finishes strengthen the wood from the inside, preventing it from drying out.
• Touch-ups are simple and don’t require sanding: You can reapply oil directly to worn areas without stripping or sanding the entire surface.
• Non-toxic versions are safe for indoor use: Natural oils like linseed or tung are perfect for family homes or food-contact surfaces.
• Provides a beautiful natural finish that doesn’t peel: Because oil soaks into the wood, it won't flake or crack like some surface coatings.

Cons

But it’s not all smooth sailing; oil finishes do come with trade-offs, especially when it comes to moisture and long-term durability.

• Less water- and heat-resistant than surface finishes: Oil finishes offer only mild protection, making them unsuitable for heavy-use or moisture-prone areas.
• Needs more frequent reapplication: To maintain the look and protection, re-oiling is often required every 6 to 12 months.
• Not ideal for kitchen joinery or wet zones: Spills, steam, and heat can quickly wear down oil finishes, limiting their suitability in these environments.

3. Varnish Finishes

Varnish is a clear, protective finish made from resins, oils, and solvents that sits on top of the timber surface. It forms a hard, durable layer that helps protect the wood from moisture, UV rays, and everyday wear. 

Available in gloss, satin, and matte sheens, varnish is ideal for high-traffic areas and offers long-term durability with minimal upkeep.

Pros

Need long-lasting protection with a polished look? Varnish finishes give timber durability, shine, and a touch of classic refinement.

• Strong surface protection: Creates a solid barrier that shields timber from knocks, spills, and abrasions.
• Water- and heat-resistant: Ideal for kitchen cabinetry, benchtops, and other areas prone to moisture.
• Long-lasting finish: Once applied and cured, it requires very little maintenance over time.
• Enhances grain with a clear coat: Preserves the timber’s natural look while boosting depth and richness.
• Variety of sheen options: Available in glossy, satin, or matte to suit any design style.
• UV-resistant options available: Suitable for timber exposed to sunlight, helping to prevent fading and yellowing.

Cons

Varnish isn’t without its downsides; the application process takes time, and once damaged, it’s not always easy to repair or restore.

• Can yellow over time: Especially older oil-based varnishes without UV inhibitors may discolour.
• More complex application: Requires careful brushing or spraying and often multiple coats.
• Harder to repair: Chips or scratches typically require sanding and refinishing of the entire affected area.

4. Lacquer Finishes

Lacquer is a solvent-based finish known for its smooth, glossy appearance and fast drying time. It’s applied via spraying and used in high-end cabinetry, furniture and modern joinery. Lacquer creates a thin but strong film that provides a luxurious and seamless surface finish.

Pros

Looking for a sleek, showroom-quality finish? Lacquer delivers speed, style, and strength, all with a flawless, glass-smooth appearance.

• Quick drying time: Lacquer dries much faster than varnish, making it ideal for high-turnaround projects.
• Smooth, professional finish: Leaves a polished, mirror-like surface with consistent coverage when sprayed correctly.
• Durable coating: Offers good resistance to everyday wear, scratches, and minor spills.
• Enhances colour and depth: Deepens the timber tone and highlights grain beautifully, especially in high-gloss finishes.
• Range of sheen options: Available in matte, satin, and high-gloss to suit different interior styles.
• Ideal for detailed joinery: Excellent for intricate cabinetry or fine furniture requiring a clean, flawless finish.

Cons

But lacquer’s not foolproof; without the right tools or care, it can crack, chip, or react badly to heat and chemicals.

• Can chip or crack with age: Especially if applied too thick or in changing humidity conditions.
• Requires professional application: Spray equipment and proper ventilation are essential for safety and quality.
• Sensitive to heat and chemicals: May degrade with prolonged exposure to high heat or harsh cleaning products.

5. Paint Finishes

Paint finishes completely cover the timber surface, providing solid colour and a clean, modern look. Typically available in water-based or oil-based formulas, painted joinery is highly customisable and often used in kitchens, wardrobes, or feature walls. 

It allows for bold design choices or soft neutral tones, depending on your style. With proper preparation and sealing, paint can also provide solid protection against day-to-day wear.

Pros and Cons of Paint Finishes

Paint finishes offer endless colour possibilities and a crisp look. Here’s how they perform when it comes to style and durability.

Pros

Seeking a crisp, modern finish? Paint completely transforms timber with a clean, uniform colour while offering strong protective benefits.

• Unlimited colour options: Choose from countless shades to match any design style or room palette.
• Clean, consistent appearance: Creates a uniform surface that hides uneven tones or imperfections in the timber.
• Easy to update: Repainting allows for design refreshes without replacing joinery.
• Hides imperfections effectively: Covers blemishes, knots, or inconsistent wood grain for a flawless finish.
• Durable with topcoats: Resists stains, grime, and everyday knocks when sealed properly for long-term performance.

Cons

Painted joinery requires proper preparation and may not be suitable for projects aiming to showcase the natural beauty of timber. Explore some of the cons:

• Covers natural grain: Conceals the texture and unique grain patterns of timber.
• Can chip or scratch: High-traffic areas may require periodic touch-ups, especially when not properly sealed.
• Needs surface preparation: Surfaces must be smooth and clean for paint to adhere correctly and last.
• Reduces breathability: Paint seals the timber completely, limiting natural moisture exchange within the wood.

6. Stain Finishes

Stain finishes are pigmented solutions that penetrate the surface of the timber to enhance its natural character while adding colour. Unlike paint, stains preserve the wood grain, offering a balance between visual warmth and subtle design flexibility. 

They’re commonly used in residential and commercial joinery to achieve a classic or custom-toned timber look. For lasting protection, stains are typically finished with a clear coat, such as varnish or polyurethane.

Pros

Want colour without losing timber’s charm? Stain finishes let the natural grain shine while adding depth, tone, and subtle character.

• Enhances timber grain: Highlights the natural patterns and beauty of the wood without hiding its texture.
  Customisable tones: Available in a wide range of colours, from light oak to rich walnut, to suit different interiors.
  Natural look and feel: Offers colour depth while maintaining a warm, timber-first aesthetic.
  Less prone to surface cracking: Unlike paints and some coatings, stains won’t peel or blister over time.
  Works on various timbers: Suitable for both hardwoods and softwoods with the proper prep.
  Can be sealed for added protection: A clear topcoat boosts water and scratch resistance.

Cons

However, stains aren’t perfect; without sealing and proper preparation, you risk uneven colour, limited protection, and a more challenging refinishing process later.

• Requires sealing: On its own, stain offers limited protection and needs a durable topcoat for longevity.
• Absorption varies: Porous or uneven timber surfaces can absorb stain inconsistently, leading to blotchy results.
• Difficult to re-stain once sealed: Reapplying or changing stain colour later can involve sanding and refinishing the entire surface.

Choosing the Right Finish for Your Project

Not sure where to start? These key factors will help you select the right joinery finish that balances both function and flair.

• Consider the Room’s Use: High-traffic or wet areas require tougher finishes, such as varnish or lacquer. These offer better protection from moisture, scratches, and heat, and reserve oil or wax for decorative or low-wear spaces.
• Consider the Timber Type: Some finishes absorb better into specific woods. Softwoods can blotch with stains unless prepped properly, while hardwoods often respond well to oils. Always test on a sample first.
• Match the Design Style: Modern interiors work well with paint or lacquer for a clean, sleek look. Traditional or rustic designs shine with oils and stains. Choose a finish that complements the room’s tone.
• Factor in Maintenance: Some finishes are set-and-forget, while others need regular touch-ups. Paint and varnish last longer without much upkeep. Wax and oil need reapplication but are easier to refresh.
• Don’t ignore the Budget: Natural oils and waxes are budget-friendly and DIY-friendly. Lacquer and two-pack paint systems may be more expensive due to the need for professional application. Balance cost with performance and desired finish.

How ROMAAC Joinery Helps You Choose the Right Finish

At ROMAAC Joinery, we understand that choosing the right finish can be just as important as selecting the timber itself. Each finish affects the final appearance, feel and longevity of your joinery. That is why our team works closely with you to understand your lifestyle, the level of maintenance you prefer and the overall look you are trying to achieve.

Whether you are after a natural, low-sheen oil finish for a relaxed feel or a hard-wearing lacquer for high-traffic areas, we guide you through each option with clarity and expert advice. We also offer samples, allowing you to see how each finish interacts with light and texture in your space.

Our finishes are applied using high-quality techniques and materials that enhance the beauty of your custom joinery while offering long-term protection. With ROMAAC, you're not just choosing a finish; you're choosing craftsmanship, detail, and a tailored solution built for everyday living.

Conclusion

The right joinery finish can make or break your space, visually and functionally. From timeless stains to modern laminates, each choice tells a story. 

Want expert advice tailored to your style and lifestyle? At Romaac Joinery, we don’t just build, we craft with purpose. Get in touch with our team today and let’s bring your vision to life with finishes that truly fit.

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